ʻĀhinahina (Silversword Plant)

Found in the more volcanic, higher altitude environments of Hawaiʻi is a plant called the silversword. Hawaiians call this resilient beauty, ʻĀhinahina, or “silvery gray.” The silversword has striking sword-like features, silvery leaves, and a strong will to survive, flourishing in one of the more extreme environments on our island and our planet. 

There are a few different species of silversword plants on our islands, but the most iconic is the Haleakalā Silversword, found exclusively on the slopes of the Haleakalā volcano in Maui.

What Makes the Hawaiian Silversword Plant Unique?

Aside from its physical appearance, the silversword is unique in the fact that it can survive where not much else can. The high-elevation volcanic slopes of Haleakalā— typically found above 6,900 feet—are some of the more challenging conditions on our island. Between the dry, nutrient-poor soil, high winds, intensive UV radiation, and extreme temperature changes, the silversword must use specific adaptations to survive.

There are two incredibly unique adaptations to look at. The first actually gives it the silver color it’s known for. Tiny, reflective hairs give this plant a thick covering to reflect sunlight, protecting it from harmful UV rays. It also has these very fleshy leaves that store water. With sporadic rainfall and dry soil, these leaves provide a constant source of hydration for the silversword.

Silversword Plant Lifecycle

The silversword can live up to 90 years and reach up to six feet tall as it flowers. But this only happens once. After blooming and producing thousands of seeds to continue its legacy, the silversword dies. The seeds then scatter and new plants begin a long and enduring journey.

Cultural Significance 

The silversword is inherently tied to Haleakalā, given that it’s naturally found there. The “House of the Sun,” as Hawaiians refer to it, Haleakalā has deep cultural significance for our islands. As an inhabitant of the volcanic peak, the silversword is intrinsically linked to traditional stories that celebrate Maui.

Its ability to survive in harsh volcanic environments makes this plant a symbol of strength and endurance in the face of adversity. Because this plant lives for so long, and in such challenging conditions, it is often perceived as a wise symbol in the larger plant kingdom.

Conservation Status

The silversword is considered endangered or threatened, largely due to habitat loss. Current threats that face the silversword include climate change, non-native species outcompeting the silversword for the few resources available on the volcanic slopes, and human disturbance.

While conservation efforts like fencing, research, and removing invasive species exist, it’s important for visitors to understand and do their part to protect this amazing species. As you explore the unique landscape of Haleakalā, stay on designated trails, don’t disturb the surrounding environments, and leave the silversword alone.

Where to See the Silversword

While other species of silversword can be found across our islands, the Haleakalā silversword can be found in Haleakalā National Park. As you ascend the slopes of Haleakalā volcano, you’ll experience the climate where these incredible plants thrive.

More specific locations in the park include Hosmer Grove Trail, Sliding Sands Trail (Keoneheʻeheʻe Trail), and the Silversword Loop.